Squashed dreams and rare breeds: ableism and the arbiters of life and death

The week beginning 29 June 2015 is not just historic for the closure of the Independent Living Fund in the United Kingdom, but for me was the week they decided that my life is not worth investing in; they being NHS England, NICE and, with them, the Department of Health. They chose not to support the enzyme replacement therapy that has been not only keeping me alive, but giving me a quality of life – enabling me to return to finish my Disability Studies PhD exploring how Christian leaders explain disability, where ethics have become the main topic, and to rebuild my career – or so I thought.     

The “Absence” of Asian Regional Economic Integration and the Development Orientation of the Belt and Road

Asia has a special significance in China’s neighborhood strategy. Geographically, the Belt and Road Initiative faces the countries of Asia or China’s neighbors in the first place. Asia is clearly marked by an imbalance in and “absence” of regional economic integration. This “absence” is two-fold: it is expressed on the one hand as a lack of unified institutional arrangements for regional economic integration, and on the other as the inability of underdeveloped countries in the region to truly participate in regional economic integration and thereby gain opportunities for development. Compared with the rule-oriented nature of existing regional economic integration mechanisms, the Belt and Road Initiative, as a new type of regional cooperation mechanism, displays an orientation towards development. All existing regional economic integration arrangements, regardless of their form, establish specific rules on access thresholds, the rights and duties of member countries, schedules and roadmaps, dispute resolution mechanisms and so forth. This is not the case for the Belt and Road, which is not predicated on specific rules, but establishes its overall framework by orienting itself towards development. Overall, the development orientation of the Belt and Road is helpful not only in overcoming the inherent defects of Asian regional economic integration, but in responding to the new challenge of anti-globalization. This is an institutional public good that China offers to Asia and to the world.     

低压欠平衡钻井—勘探钻井技术发展新动向(待续)

从世界石油经济和供求前景分析出发,得到了石油工业上游领域必须重视难拿储量、重视改造挖潜、重视增产增效、重视提高探井水平的结论。从这些必须要重视的技术领域出发,分析了地质特点、储层特点和经济技术特点,指出了完成这些艰巨任务必须要采用低压欠平衡钻井技术。最后介绍了国外低压欠平衡钻井技术发展的现状及存在问题,结合西南石油学院近7年的储备研究成果,介绍了我国低压欠平衡钻井技术发展的重点和方向。     

制度建设何以促进边疆民族地区社会稳定——从价值功用到建构逻辑

党的十九届四中全会指明了国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的发展方向和战略要求。边疆民族地区作为国家治理体系重要的组成部分,其社会稳定直接关乎于国家发展和民族团结,具有鲜明的政治意义。在一定意义上讲,通过制度建设来促进边疆民族地区社会稳定,是实现边疆民族地区优良治理的最佳策略。制度体系因其结构特征和构成逻辑所显现的耦合效应、嵌套关系、吸纳能力可以在相当程度上满足边疆民族地区社会稳定治理实践的现实需求,使其更好地融入"一带一路"发展机遇之中。制度建设之于促进边疆民族地区社会稳定的价值功用主要体现于:制度建设不仅可以有效化解社会矛盾,而且可以形塑社会秩序基本样貌。也因此,实现边疆民族地区社会稳定的制度建构应该着眼于:以制度创新激发经济发展新活力、以民族区域自治制度凝聚政治信任、以制度资源推进认同整合、以制度吸纳促进少数民族代表人士参与协同治理。这既是化解边疆民族地区社会矛盾、维护社会稳定的制度性策略,也是充分释放中国特色社会主义制度优势,推进边疆民族地区治理体系和治理能力现代化的制度建构逻辑。     

社会组织参与养老服务的逻辑框架：制度环境·主体类型·实践方式

社会组织参与养老服务是推动养老服务多元化发展的必由之路,也是推进国家治理体系和国家治理能力现代化的题中之义。基于参与式治理理念,可从制度环境、主体类型、实践方式三个方面构建社会组织参与养老服务的基本逻辑框架。从制度环境看,社会组织参与养老服务具有宏观制度环境开放鼓励、微观制度环境渐趋宽松、制度执行环境模糊约束的含混性特征,需要进一步优化制度环境才能更好地激发社会组织活力。从主体类型看,参与养老服务的社会组织主体类型可以划分为养老服务供给型社会组织和支持型社会组织,分别强调其专业服务优势和多元资源支持。从实践方式看,社会组织主要通过承办社区居家养老服务、运营机构养老服务、开展志愿养老服务、组织互助养老服务等直接方式,以及政策参与、资源动员、行业自律等间接方式参与养老服务建设。     

谁是下一代农场主? ——家庭农场主的职业代际传递意愿及其发生机制研究

文章从制度支持机制、机会结构约束机制和收益-风险约束机制三个维度分析了影响家庭农场主职业传递意愿的相关因素。研究发现,制度支持机制对农场主的职业代际传递有一定程度的影响,相对于选择家族内其他成员而言,政府开展的人才培训和政府补贴有助于农场主子女作为职业代际传递对象;机会结构约束机制对家庭农场主的职业代际传递有着显著的正向影响,相对于选择家族外成员而言,在子女参与农场劳动的情况下,农场主将优先选择子女作为职业继承人;从收益-风险约束机制来看,家庭农场的短期收益对农场主的职业传递意愿并不具有显著的统计影响;农场主在认为农场经营存在较高风险的潜在收益时更愿意选择子女接手未来的农场经营。由此提出：除了进一步加强对家庭农场的制度支持外,还应该提供相应的风险应对策略,鼓励发展亲代与子代共同经营的家庭农场;在乡村振兴战略的指导下,应该为具备农业企业家才能的能人创造宽松的环境,并致力于加强农村经济组织之间的交流与合作。     

卖空压力对企业债券期限选择的影响——来自中国放松卖空管制准自然实验的证据

放松卖空管制后,投资者可通过挖掘公司“坏消息”在资本市场投资获利,在允许被卖空情境中,公司内部股东和管理层面临股价下行压力增大,会积极采取行动以规避被卖空的风险。借助中国证券市场2010年开始逐步放松卖空管制的准自然实验,以2007—2015年上市公司为样本,考察卖空压力对企业债券契约的影响。研究发现:放松卖空管制与企业债券期限显著负相关,特别是在大股东持股比例较高和管理层市场压力更大时。进一步分析发现,放松卖空管制与企业债务期限结构显著负相关,表明放松卖空管制会促使企业缩短发行债券的期限。研究结果显示,面对放松卖空管制引起的股价下行压力,公司大股东和管理层为了规避被卖空风险,会积极选择缩短发行债券期限以传递信号,证实了卖空机制对改善市场信息环境的积极作用。政府可以通过加强卖空机制制度建设和监管,推动企业调整行为决策,降低信息不对称。     

经济承压背景下中国能源经济预测与展望

2019年中央经济工作会议强调,中国正处在转变发展方式、优化经济结构、转换增长动力的攻关期,经济下行压力不断加大。以此为背景阐述能源经济发展现状,分析重点行业发展前景,通过不同情景下的预测分析,探讨经济承压背景下中国能源经济发展的路径与趋势。根据预测结果,经济承压对各行业的能源消费量存在普遍影响,尤其是煤炭、黑色金属冶炼和汽车行业的能源消费量在未来一段时间将呈下降趋势;在基准情形下,预计到2030年,中国GDP将达到171.97万亿元（2018年不变价水平）,能源消费总量约57.09亿吨标准煤,煤炭消费占比将不断下降,清洁能源占比预计达到41.7%。根据预测结果,有针对性地在能源消费结构、能源效率和能源合作方面提出政策建议。     

World Culture,Uncoupling, Institutional Logics,and Recoupling: Practices and Self‐Identification as Institutional Microfoundations of Political Violence

This study proposes a micro‐institutional theory of political violence, according to which citizens' participation in political violence is partially an outcome of tight coupling of persons' practices and self‐identifications with institutional logics opposed to dominant logics associated with world culture, such as the nation‐state and gender equality. The study focuses on two types of institutional carriers through which persons adopt institutional logics: routine practices and self‐identifications associated with three institutional logics: the familial, the ethnic, and the religious logics. Using a 15‐country survey data from early twenty‐first‐century sub‐Saharan Africa, the study finds evidence in support of the theory. Reported participation in political violence is associated with practices and self‐identifications uncoupled from dominant world‐culture logics but tightly coupled with the patriarchal familial logic, with an oppositional ethnic logic, and with a politicized oppositional religious logic.